Showing posts with label royal succession. Show all posts
Showing posts with label royal succession. Show all posts

30 August 2026

Norway: King Harald V (1937–2026)

Photo: © The Royal Court (screenshot of the official website of the royal house 28 August 2026).

King Harald of Norway died at Oslo University Hospital, dep. The National Hospital (Oslo universitetssykehus, avd. Rikshospitalet) on Friday 28 August 2026 at 6.35 a.m.

His death was announced on the official website of the royal house around two hours later:

It is with deep sorrow that we announce that His Majesty King Harald has passed away. King Harald died peacefully at Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Friday 28 August at 6:35 AM.

King Harald was succeeded by his son Haakon.

A crowd had already gathered at the Palace Square when the death was announced, and the crowd – and the number of flowers and cards (teddybears, flags, football shirts etc increased.) – only got larger and larger throughout the day and weekend. The nation is mourning. A beloved man and king has left us. The grief is profound. The gratitude is even greater. 


A small section of the "ocean of flowers" at the Palace Square on Friday. The ocean only got bigger and bigger during the weekend. Photos: © 2026 Dag Trygsland Hoelseth.


For the record

This has never meant to be a personal blog. I write about events and topics that I care about and often I will give my own opinion or perspective. But work and other obligations make it some times hard to publish my articles soon after an event has taken place. But I always like to record some of the events and news that have taken place even if some time has passed. 

When the news of King Harald's death reached me I was at work. I was asked to write a small article on various aspects of the succession to the throne for my employer's website before I had to focus on other tasks. The Norwegian Law Gazette, of which I am the editor, never sits still – new regulations have to be published. After work I went up to the Place Square again (I was also there on Thursday). In the evening I  watched TV and on Saturday I was out of town for most of the day. So I will try to write a few lines today instead. I will write about some of the events, but it will be impossible to comment on all the aspects.

Lowered royal banner

I can see the Royal Palace from my office window. I was too occupied to see everything with my own eyes, but when the king's death was announced, Kongeflagget (the King's banner) flying from the roof of the palace was lowered to half staff. After the extraordinary Council of State had taken place the royal banner was raised, while another royal banner, with the so-called mourning flora, was flying on half staff from the palace balcony.


The King's banner (Kongeflagget) at 8:51 a.m. Photo: © 2026 Dag Trygsland Hoelseth.


The King's banner and the balcony at 3:50 p.m. Photo: © 2026 Dag Trygsland Hoelseth.

The Government of Norway has decided that the Norwegian flag will be flying on half staff from all state buildings from Friday 28 August until the day of the funeral. Once the funeral has taken place, the flags will be hoisted to full staff again. The Government has also declared a period of national mourning to last until the day of the funeral. 

Extraordinary Council of State

The new king presided over the extraordinary Council of State at 11.30 a.m. Friday. Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra was also present. In the Council of State the king declared that he would reign under the name Haakon VIII and that his personal motto (called "valgspråk" in Norwegian would be "Alt for Norge" ("All for Norway"), the same motto also used by his father, King Harald V, his grandfather, KIng Olav V, and his great-grandfather, King Haakon VII.

Statsministerens kontor

Hans Majestet meddelte følgende:

Statsminister og statsråder,

Det er min plikt å meddele Statsrådet at min kjære far, Hans Majestet Kong Harald V, døde i dag den 28. august 2026, kl. 06.35, og at jeg i tråd med Grunnlovens bestemmelser har tiltrådt regjeringen som Norges Konge.

Jeg vil ta navnet Haakon VIII og vil videreføre det samme valgspråket som min far, bestefar og oldefar valgte: «Alt for Norge».

H.M. Kongen takket regjeringens medlemmer og det norske folk for støtte og medfølelse til Kongefamilien i denne tiden.

Statsministeren meddelte følgende:

Deres Majestet, Deres kongelige høyhet,

På vegne av regjeringen og det norske folk vil jeg uttrykke vår medfølelse ved Hans Majestet Kong Haralds død. Kong Harald var et menneske vi alle ble glad i. Vi vet at Kong Haralds bortgang er et stort tap for vår nye konge og hele kongefamilien.

Vi vil takke Kong Harald for livslang innsats for Norge og det norske folk. En hel nasjon er i sorg og står igjen i dyp takknemlighet.

Vi er trygge på at kongehusets tradisjoner vil føres videre under Deres Majestets ledelse, til det beste for folket og landet vårt.

In English:

Office of the Prime Minister

His Majesty made the following announcement:

Prime Minister and Ministers,

It is my duty to inform the Council of State that my dear father, His Majesty King Harald V, passed away today, 28 August 2026, at 06:35, and that, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, I have acceded to the throne as King of Norway.

I shall take the name Haakon VIII and will continue to use the same motto chosen by my father, grandfather, and great-grandfather: "All for Norway."

H.M. The King thanked the members of the Government and the Norwegian people for their support and sympathy shown to the Royal Family during this time.

The Prime Minister made the following announcement:

Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness,

On behalf of the Government and the Norwegian people, I wish to express our condolences upon the death of His Majesty King Harald. King Harald was a person we all loved. We know that King Harald’s passing is a great loss for our new King and the entire Royal Family.

We wish to thank King Harald for his lifelong service to Norway and the Norwegian people. An entire nation is in mourning and remains filled with deep gratitude.

We are confident that the traditions of the Royal House will be carried forward under Your Majesty’s leadership, for the good of the people and our country.

In connection with the Council of State photos of the new King and Crown Prince were taken with the members of the government, and afterwards they signed the condolence protocol. A government conference took place at 10 at the Prime Minister's office prior to the Council of State.

Salute and church bells ringing

At noon there was a mourning salute (21 shots with 30 seconds between) from the nine salute stations in Norway, including from Akershus Fortress, and the church bells were ringing for an hour, to mark the death of King Harald.

Members of the royal house and titles

When the death of King Harald was announced all the subpages of the royal website were taken down for some time to get the most relevant pages updated. When all the pages were up agai, we learnt among others the titles of the members of the royal house.

Det norske kongehuset består av Deres Majesteter Kong Haakon og Dronning Mette-Marit, Hennes Kongelige Høyhet Kronprinsesse Ingrid Alexandra og Dronning Sonja.

In English: 

The Norwegian Royal House consists of Their Majesties King Haakon and Queen Mette-Marit, Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra, and Queen Sonja.

There were in other words no surprises other than that Queen Sonja has "lost" her style Majesty. I didn't expect that, and most other in the know where equally surprised. The reference to Queen Sonja without the style was also repeated in later press statements, so there is no doubt that this was not just a mistake. Although we haven't had a Queen Dowager for quite some time, it has not uncommon to have two queens (or more) in a monarchy, just look at the United Kingdom (Queen Elizabeth and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) and Belgium to take two examples. There all are or were Majesties. A Queen is always styled Majesty. Even though it is a conscious decision which should not be taken as a personal rebuff, I simply cannot understand the reasoning behind it. Considering all the work and effort Queen Sonja has done for Norway I find such a "downgrading" totally unacceptable.

Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra

The title of Crown Prince or Crown Princess is not automatic when a new monarch has succeeded to the throne, as too many seem to believe. Article 34 of the Constitution of Norway said, before the changes in 1990 when female succession (full primogeniture) was introduced:

The nearest heir to the Throne, if he is the son of the reigning King, shall bear the title of Crown Prince. The other persons entitled to succeed to the Throne shall be called Princes, and the daughters of the Royal House, Princesses.

From 29 May 1990 Article 34 says (English edition at Lovdata.no):

The King shall make provisions concerning titles for those who are entitled to succeed to the Crown.

In other words, the king has to make a formal decision on the title of the nearest heir to the throne. Everyone expected that Ingrid Alexandra would become Crown Princess, and so she did. Because of the need for for verifiability/traceability I would have preferred that the decision came in form of a press statement instead of at an undated general subpage on the members of the royal house. For other members of the royal family (Prince Sverre Magnus, Princess Märtha Louise and Princess Astrid Mrs. Ferner) there are no changes.

Speeches

The President of the Storting, the Chief Justice of the Supremie Court and the Prime Minister of the Storting all held speeches after the king's death:

Crown Prince Haakon held a memorial speech on Saturday 29 August at 7 p.m. It was a very personal speech which made a good impression. I hope that a translation of the speech will be available in English when the English pages of the official website are up and running again.

Condolences

The royal house has naturally received many messages of condolences from royal and presidential heads of state and other dignitaries. The website Gert's Royals has made a collection of condolence messages from foreign monarchs, so please go to his supbage to read them.

The public is invited to sign the condolence protocol either digitally at the official website of the Norwegian royal house or at the Norwegian embassies (please check out their websites). In Norway most churches and/or city halls will have condolence protocols available. For people living in Oslo see information from the Municipality of Oslo here. 

Coffin

The coffin (the bire) of King Harald was taken by car from Rikshospitalet (The National Hospital) to the Royal Palace on Friday night, 28 August. 

King Haakon, Queen Mette_Marit, Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra, Queen Sonja, Prince Sverre Magnus and Princess Märtha Louise followed the coffin in cars behind the hearse. The transport can be viewed at NRK TV.

Memorial service

Churches all over the country held a memorial service on Sunday. Members of the Storting and Government attended the service in Oslo domkirke (Oslo Cathedral), while King Haakon, Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra, Prince Sverre Magnus and Queen Sonja attended the service in Asker kirke (Asker Church) close to the Skaugum estate. See photos from the latter service at Kirken.no.

Viewing of the bier

After being transported from the National Hospital to the Royal Palace, the bier of King Harald was placed in The Red Salon. King Haakon and Crown Princess Alexandra received Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on Sunday 30 August for the viewing of King Harald's bier. The Presiding Bishop of the Church of Norway, Olav Fykse Tveit, was also present at the viewing.

Filing past the coffin

The bier (coffin) will be carried from The Red Salon to the Palace Chapel on Monday 31 August 2026. The public will be able to file past the coffin from Tuesday 1 September 2026 at 2.pm. until Tuesday 8 September 2026 at 6 p.m. 

King Haakon VII to take the oath

King Haakon VIII will take the Oath of Allegiance to the Constitution in the Storting on Tuesday 1 September at 1 p.m. The oath is worded, cf. the Constitution article 9:

I promise and swear that I will govern the Kingdom of Norway in accordance with its Constitution and Laws; so help me God, the Almighty and Omniscient.

See more details at the Storting's website.

Funeral service

The funeral service will take place in Oslo domkirke (Oslo Cathedral) on Wednesday 9 September 2026 at 1 p.m. The funeral service will be officiated by the Presiding Bishop of the Church of Norway, Olav Fykse Tveit. The Bishop of Oslo, Sunniva Gylver, Cathedral Cantor Marcus André Berg, the Oslo Cathedral Choir, and others will also participate.

The cathedral has 930 seats, but the number of foreign royals and other dignitaries as well as representatives of the official Norway will be so high that I doubt that any from the public will be able to attend.  We can expect that representatives of all the European royal and princely houses will be in attendance. So far the king and queen of Denmark and the king and queen of the Belgians have confirmed their presence. I will give more details about the people attending the funeral service when we get closer to the actual date.

Line of succession

The updated line of succession to the throne of Norway:

  1. HRH Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra (b. 2004)
  2. Prince Sverre Magnus (b. 2005)
  3. Princess Märtha Louise (b. 1971)
  4. Maud Angelica Behn (b. 2003)
  5. Leah Isadora Behn (b. 2005)
  6. Emma Tallulah Behn (b. 2008)


14 January 2024

Denmark: King Frederik X has acceeded to the throne

What a historic day for Denmark! Queen Margrethe abdicated the throne and her eldest son Frederik was «signed in», so to speak, and proclaimed as King Frederik X of Denmark. Danish TV (DR) started to broadcast already from 9 a.m. and I have followed the main events from very early on, only abrupted by church service and dinner. I never missed out on the main events, of course.

It was a day I had never expected to see, as the abdication was an unneccessary break with the traditions in Denmark, but having said that, it must have been nice for the queen to be able to see her son on the throne. The ceremonies all went well and as expexted, and the crowds at Christiansborg Palace,  Amalienborg Palace and in the streets between them were impressive. We have witnessed a great celebration and demonstration of the Danish monarchy and the Danish Royal House. 

Queen Margrethe II signed the declaration of abdication in the Council of State room at Christiansborg Palace and left her chair to new new King Frederik X. The new Crown Prince Christian also moved to the seat his father had just left, after having fetched the walking stick for his grandmother. When Frederik had taken his seat, Queen Margrethe said «God save the King» and left the room. Both King Frederik X and his mother were visably moved, and it was all very moving to watch. We were not allowed to watch the the Council of State «live», but film coverage was made available soon after the meeting had taken place. We don't know much about what happened after Queen Margrethe had left the room, but we have learned from the Danish Royal Court's Facebook page that the new king's monogram was formally decided on. We still have to wait for the text of the declaration of abdication, however. I find it a bit strange that the document could not be published sooner, but hopefully it will be available tomorrow.

Following the Council of State the new king held a levee for a small circle of guests. Besides King Frederik and Queen Mary the following were present: 

  • Crown Prince Christian, 
  • Prince Joachim, 
  • Jane Stephens (sister of Queen Mary), 
  • Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, 
  • Speaker of Folketinget (the Danish Parliament), Søren Gade 
  • President of the Supreme Court, Jens Peter Christiensen, 
  • Chief of Defence, General Flemming Lentfer 
  • The Permanent Secretary of State, Barbara Bertelsen 
  • The National Police Commissioner, Thorkild Fogde 
  • The Bishop of the Diocese of Copenhagen and primus inter pares of the Church of Denmark, Peter Skov-Jakobsen, 
  • Chairman of the Government of Greenland (Naalakkersuisut), Múte I.B. Egede
  • Lagmand (Prime Minister( of Cabinet of the Faroe Islands (Føroya landsstýri), Aksel V. Johannesen 
  • Representatives of the Danish Royal Court.
At 3 p.m. King Frederik X entered the balcony and greeted the crowd, followed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, who held a short speech and proclaimed the new king. Frederik IX then held a short speech on his own where he expressed his ambition to be «a unifying king of tomorrow» and presented his motto, «Forbundne, forpligtet, for Kongeriget Danmark» (which could be translated into something like «Bound together, obliged, for the Kingdom of Denmark»). King Frederik was then joined by his wife Queen Mary and their four children Crown Prince Christian, Princess Isabella, Prince Vincent and Princess Josephine. When the royal family reappeared on the balcony shortly after, the king and queen even kissed, to the great joy of the crowd.

The Royal Family then returned to Amalienborg where they made a surprise appearance at the balcony of Frederik VIII’s Palace. Later, at 5 p.m., we could witness the transfer of the royal colours (the royal banners) from Christian IX’s Palace to Frederik VIII’s Palace.

All in all we witnessed a historic day. Queen Margrethe II has abdicated. Long live King Frederik X!

Updated on Monday 15 January 2024 at 18:15 (English title of one of the guests at Christiansborg was corrected).

8 January 2024

Denmark: Program for the succession of the throne

The Danish Royal Court has today, 8 january 2024, published a more detailed program* for the Accession Day on 14 January 2024, when Crown Prince Frederik succeeds to the throne following the abdication of Queen Margrethe II, and the following days:

Programme for the succession of the throne

On 14 January 2024, Her Majesty The Queen steps down as Queen of Denmark and entrusts the throne to His Royal Highness The Crown Prince. The following official events mark the succession of the throne.

Sunday 14 January 

13:35 The Crown Prince Couple leave from Amalienborg

The Crown Prince Couple and HRH Prince Christian ride in a motor car from Frederik VIII’s Palace, Amalienborg to Christiansborg Palace. 

Route: Frederiksgade, Bredgade, Kongens Nytorv, Holmens Canal, Prince Jørgen’s Courtyard (link to map of the route)

13:37 HM The Queen rides in a carriage from Amalienborg

HM The Queen rides in a carriage from Christian IX’s Palace, Amalienborg to Christiansborg Palace, escorted by the Guard Hussar Regiment.

Route: Frederiksgade, Bredgade, Kongens Nytorv, Holmens Canal, Prince Jørgen’s Courtyard (link to map of the route)

14:00 Council of State at Christiansborg Palace

HM The Queen, HRH The Crown Prince and HRH Prince Christian participate together with the Government and the Council of State secretary in the Council of State.

The succession of the throne takes place during the Council of State meeting at the moment when HM The Queen has signed a declaration of her abdication.

14:15 HM Queen Margrethe’s departure from Christiansborg Palace

HM Queen Margrethe rides in a motor car to Christian IX’s Palace, Amalienborg.

Route: Prince Jørgen’s Courtyard, Holmens Bridge, Holmens Canal, Kongens Nytorv, Bredgade, St. Annæ Square, Amaliegade, Amalienborg (link to map of the route)

14:30 TM The King and Queen hold a levee for specially invited persons 

15:00 Proclamation from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace

His Majesty King Frederik X steps out on the balcony of Christiansborg Palace, after which the Prime Minister proclaims His Majesty’s accession to the throne. 

The King speaks and concludes with the motto.

15:10 Honorary cannon salute from the Sixtus Battery 

After the proclamation, 3 x 27 shots are fired from the Sixtus Battery on Holmen, Copenhagen, in salute.

15:10 The royal standard is lowered and reraised at Amalienborg

After the proclamation, the royal standard is lowered at Christian IX’s Palace and reraised at Frederik VIII’s Palace, Amalienborg.

15:30 The King and Queen ride in a carriage from Christiansborg Palace

After the proclamation, The King and Queen ride in a carriage, escorted by the Guard Hussar Regiment’s mounted squadron, from Christiansborg Palace to Frederik VIII’s Palace, Amalienborg. 

Route: Prince Jørgen’s Courtyard, Holmens Bridge, Holmens Canal, Kongens Nytorv, Bredgade, St. Annæ Square, Amaliegade, Amalienborg (link to map of the route)

17:00 Transfer of the royal colours 

Transfer of the royal colours from Christian IX’s Palace to Frederik VIII’s Palace, Amalienborg.

Monday, 15 January

10:00 Reception in the Danish Parliament

The Royal Family participates in the Danish Parliament’s celebration of the succession of the throne. During a meeting in the Chamber, the Speaker of the Parliament and the Prime Minister will deliver a speech, and in that connection, the Prime Minister offers a verbal announcement from The King to the Danish Parliament. Afterwards, The Royal Family takes part in a reception in the former Upper Chamber.

Sunday, 21 January

14:00 Celebratory church service at Aarhus Cathedral

The Royal Family participates in a celebratory church service at Aarhus Cathedral. In connection with the succession of the throne, a celebratory service is held at Aarhus Cathedral with representatives of official Denmark and representatives from the City of Aarhus. The service is led by Royal Chaplain-in-Ordinary and Bishop of the Diocese of Aarhus Henrik Wigh-Poulsen.

*The court has chosen to write "programme", while I prefer "program" ...  I keep the spelling "programme" when quoting, of course!

4 January 2024

Denmark: Agenda of Accession Day announced

The Danish Royal Court announced today the agenda of 14 January 2024 when Queen Margrethe II will abdicate the throne and be succeeded by her eldest son, Crown Prince Frederik.

Yesterday we were informed that Crown Prince Frederik will succeed to the throne as King Frederik X the very second the queen has signed the declaration of abdication in the Council of State.

According to today's press release, the Council of State will take place at Christiansborg Palace on 2 p.m. on Sunday 14 January 2024. The proclamation of King Frederik X from the balcony at Christiansborg Palace will take place at 3 p.m., while the transfer of the royal banners from Christian IX's Palace to Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg will start at 5 p.m. Christian IX's Palace is used as Queen Margrethe II's winter residence, while Frederik VIII's Palace is the current Crown Prince couple's private residence.

It goes without saying that it will be the first time a Danish monarch is being proclaimed by a female prime minister. Mette Frederiksen, who has served as Prime Minister since 2019, is the second female Prime Minister of Denmark, the first was Helle Thorning-Schmidt from 2011 to 2015. When Margrethe II was proclaimed as Denmark's new monarch on 14 January 1972, Jens Otto Krag was the prime minister.

When Queen Margrethe II abdicates the throne it also means that all the monarchs of Europe will be male, something we have not experienced since King William IV's of the United Kingdom's death in 1837. But as you all know, the future of monarchical Europe will have a great female influence, as Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden all have female heir apparents, while Norway's Princess Ingrid Alexandra is 2nd in line. And of course the second in line to the Swedish throne is Princess Estelle, the eldest daughter of Crown Princess Victoria.

Correction: Obviously I didn't look into the question of when we last time experienced that Europe had no female sovereigns thoroughly enough. The correct answer seems to be 25 February 1730, the day before Empress Anna of Russia's accession. Se the blog The Genealogy Corner 15 January 2024 for more details.

Updated on 31 January 2024 at 08:50 (correction paragraph added).

3 January 2024

Denmark: Background on succession to the throne

When the Danish Royal Court in the early evening of 31 December 2023 announced that Queen Margrethe II had decided to abdicate on 14 January 2024, it promised that it's website www.kongehuset.dk was going to «be updated regularly with information regarding the succession of the throne». Since then four articles/press statements have been published, and I made links to three of them in my article on Queen Margrethe's abdication plans yesterday.

Today, 3 January 2024, the Danish Royal court has published an article called «Background on succession to the throne», which addresses at least one of the questions I asked yesterday:

Background on succession to the throne

Since the 1600s, the Danish monarchy has been a so-called hereditary monarchy, in which the Crown is inherited upon the death of the sovereign.

The Act on Succession to the Throne of the Kingdom of Denmark from 1953 thus stipulates that the Danish throne is inherited within the descendants of Christian 10. and Queen Alexandrine.

Until 1953, only male descendants of the king were able to inherit the throne. That was changed in 1953, when, following a referendum, it was determined that female descendants should also be able to inherit the throne, but in such a way, however, that male descendants should have precedence.

It was the amendment of the rules for succession in 1953 that prepared the way for HM The Queen to be able to assume the throne after the death of her father, Frederik 9., on 14 January 1972.

With the most recent amendment of the Act of Succession in 2009, equality in the succession to the throne was implemented. This means that the throne is now inherited by the sovereign’s oldest child – regardless of gender.

In Denmark, the tradition up to the present has been that the succession to the throne takes place upon the death of the sovereign, as was the case most recently in 1972. In these instances, the succession occurs the moment the sovereign dies.

The upcoming succession to the throne will be different. This time, the succession will first take place during the meeting of the Council of State at the moment The Queen has signed a declaration of her abdication. 

HRH The Crown Prince will thus arrive at Christiansborg Palace as a crown prince and leave it as King. Likewise, HRH The Crown Princess will arrive as a crown princess and depart as Queen. HRH Prince Christian will leave Christiansborg Palace as Crown Prince (heir to the throne). 

Upon the succession to the throne, the new sovereign takes charge of all of the functions which, according to the constitution, are incumbent on the head of state.

From this article we learn that the relevant Danish authorities believe that the abdication will come into force during the meeting of the Council of State the very second the queen has signed a declaration of her abdication. I don't know enough about Danish constitutional law to oppose this view, but it would be interesting to know more about what the view is based on, legally speaking. To me it would be more logic if the said declaration of abdication came into force the second it was announced in Lovtidende (the Danish Legal Gazette) and/or added to the Protocol. Again, as I also wrote yesterday, I hope we are going to get more details on the legal procedure before the Council of State takes place.

2 January 2024

Denmark: Queen Margrethe II to abdicate on 14 January 2024

On Sunday 31 December 2023, Queen Margrethe II announced in her televised new year's speech that she had decided to abdicate on 14 January 2024.

The relevant part of the speech said:

Tonight, I would like to express a very special thank you. Thank you for the warmth and devotion which I and my family have received throughout many, many years. 

In two weeks time I have been Queen of Denmark for 52 years. Such an amount will leave its mark on anybody – also on me! The time takes its toll, and the number of “ailments” increases. One cannot undertake as much as one managed in the past. 

In February this year I underwent extensive back surgery. Everything went well, thanks to the competent health personnel, who took care of me. Inevitably, the operation gave cause to thoughts about the future – whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation. 

I have decided that now is the right time. On 14th January, 2024 – 52 years after I succeeded my beloved father – I will step down as Queen of Denmark. I will hand over the throne to my son Crown Prince Frederik. 

Tonight, I first and foremost would like to express my thanks. Thank you for the overwhelming warmth and support which I have received during all these years. Thank you to the changing governments with whom the collaboration always has been rewarding, and thank you to The Parliament, who have always vested their confidence in me. 

Thank you to the many, many people who on special occasions and in everyday life have embraced me and my family with kind words and thoughts, turning the years into a string of pearls. 

The support and assistance which I have received throughout the years, have been crucial to the success of my task. It is my hope that the new King and Queen will be met with the same trust and devotion which have fallen to my lot. 

They deserve it! Denmark deserves it!

The Royal Court followed by the issuing the following press statement:

Her Majesty the Queen has tonight, in her New Year's Address, announced that Her Majesty will step down as Queen of Denmark on 14th January, 2024 and will hand over the throne to HRH the Crown Prince. 

The Danish Royal Court’s website www.kongehuset.dk will be updated regularly with information regarding the succession of the throne.

On 1 January 2024 the court gave some historical details on the subject of abdication, and today we learned that there will be changes in the Royal House of Denmark's leadership in connection with the change of monarch. The current Chief of the Court of TRH The Crown Prince and The Crown Princess, Christian Schønau, will assume the position of Lord Chamberlain of The Royal House of Denmark on 14 January, replacing Kim Kristensen, who has served as Lord Chamberlain since 2021.

We were all very surprised by the abdication news, as the queen on several occasions in the past has ruled out the possibility. Her ailing health made her to change her mind. So on 14 January 2024, on the day 52 years since she succeeded to the throne of Denmark after the death of her father, King Frederik IX, Queen Margrethe II will formally abdicate and be succeeded by her eldest son, Crown Prince Frederik, b. 1968, who will reign under the name Frederik X. His wife, the current Crown Princess Mary, b. 1972, becomes Queen and Prince Christian, b. 2005, becomes Crown Prince. Queen Margrethe will after her abdication continue to be styled Majesty, cf. the press statement from the Prime Minister's Office and of the royal court, but will not be formally titled Her Majesty The Queen anylonger, but «only» HM Queen Margrethe.

The possibility to abdicate the throne, even if it is regulated in the Act of Succession section 6, is not a tradition in Denmark, and we have to go back to 1146 to find the last time someone voluntarily gave up the throne. King Erik III Lam, who decided to become a munk, was allegedly of poor health and died later the same year. Christian II (1481–1559) was deposed in 1523 and was thus the last monarch of Denmark not to have died while reigning.

We will surely learn more about how the abdication is carried out legally in due time. One thing is to announce your intention to abdicate, another is how this intention become law. The Act of Succession Section 6 only says that «The provisions of Sections 2-5 shall apply correspondingly in the case of the abdication of a King.» I gather that Queen Margrethe II in the Council of State on 14 January 2024 will give a written and signed declaration of abdication and that this will be added to the Protocol. While abdication has been unheard of in modern Denmark, we have examples of royal members who have renounced their rights to the throne – Prince Carl in 1905 when he became King of Norway, and Princess Anne-Marie when she was to marry King Constantine II of the Hellenes in 1964. Both renunciations were added to the Protocol. As far as I understand, this is the same protocol that is called «Slegt Register over Fødselen i den Kongelige Familie» («Family Register of the Birth in the Royal Family») and is regulated by royal resolution of 25 February 1779. I have never seen the text of this resolution though, so it is possible that also customary law applies. Again, we will surely get more details soon. 

21 October 2022

Birth of son to the Heir to the Imperial throne of Russia

The Office of the Head of the Russian Imperial House, Grand Duchess Maria of Russia, today issued the following statement concerning the birth of HSH Prince Alexander Georgievich, son of the heir to the Imperial throne of Russia, Grand Duke George of Russia, and Princess Victoria Romanovna:

On October 21, 2022, Our daughter-in-law, Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Romanovna, the spouse of Our son and heir His Imperial Highness The Tsesarevich and Grand Duke George of Russia, was delivered of a son, Our grandson, who has been given the name Alexander.

Welcoming this new addition to Our Family as a sign of God's grace, I ask all Our countrymen to offer fervent prayers to the Almighty for the health and well-being of the newborn. In accordance with Our current Family Law and the Family Act of September 14/27, 2020, Our grandson will be called His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Georgievich.

Issued in Madrid, 21 October, in the Year 2022 since the Nativity of Christ, and in the twenty-first year [sic!] of our succession to the rights and duties of Our August Ancestors - the Emperors of All the Russia.

H.I.H. The Grand Duchess Maria of Russia

As far as I understand it the head of the Russian Imperial House has previously declared that the marriage between George and Victoria is not dynastic, which means that Prince Alexander as of now is not a dynast. However, it is expected that Grand Duke George when he succeeds to the headship will declare his marriage as dynastic and that by then his son will become first in line to the throne.

The pregnancy was announced by the Russian Imperial House on 21 May 2022. Two months later we were informed that the couple expected a boy. Grand Duke George and Princess Victoria Romanovna, the former Rebecca Virginia Bettarini, were married on 1 October 2021.

8 September 2022

UK: Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022)

Queen Elizabeth II died peacefully at Balmoral Castle in Scotland this afternoon, 8 September 2022, 96 years old. Buckingham Palace released the following statement:


«The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon.

The King and the Queen Consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow.»

Later in the evening today Buckingham Palace issued the following statement from the new king:


A statement from His Majesty The King at the time of The Queen's death

The death of my beloved Mother, Her Majesty The Queen, is a moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family.

We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother. I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.

During this period of mourning and change, my family and I will be comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep affection in which The Queen was so widely held.

It all happened so fast ...  Earlier today, Buckingham Palace informed that «Following further evaluation this morning, The Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral.» Following the statement, the media informed us that the Queen's children and two daughter-in-laws – the then Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall (Duke and Duchess of Rothesay in Scotland), the Princess Royal (Princess Anne), the duke of York (Prince Andrew) and the Earl and Countess of Wessex (Prince Edwad and Sophie) – as well as the Duke of Cambridge and the Duke of Sussex – all travelled to Balmoral to be at the Queen's side.

Two days ago Queen Elizabeth received the outgoing prime minister, Boris Johnson, in audience to accept his resignation and then Liz Truss to appoint her as the new prime minister. She was supposed to attend a meeting of the Princy Council yesterday to swear in the new prime minster as First Lord of the Treasury and to swear in those new members of the cabinet who were not already privy councillors, but the meeting was postponed on advice of her doctors, who said she needed to rest.

We have all observed her increasingly frail health for some time, and we knew that her death would come sooner rather than later, but still it is impossible to be really prepared for such sad news. The British nation is in mourning. I would like to express my sincere condolences to the British Royal Family and people. A reign of 70 – seventy – years has come to its end. As Prime minister Liz Truss said today: «Queen Elizabeth II was the rock on which modern Britain was built. [...] Through thick and thin, Queen Elizabeth II provided us with the stability and the strength that we needed. She was the very spirit of Great Britain – and that spirit will endure.»

The new king's title has been confirmed as Charles III. Prince William, who following his father's accession is no. 1 in the line of succession to the British throne, is now titled Duke of Cornwall and Cambridge.

At the moment I find it difficult to add anything of value to what has already been said by others, but will add a few links to obituaries which have been published today:

The Norwegian Royal Family had close relations to Queen Elizabeth. The Royal Court issued tghe following statement today:
Queen Elizabeth II

The Royal Family is deeply saddened to receive the news that Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II has passed away.

“Our thoughts are with His Majesty The King and the members of the Royal Family on the loss of Queen Elizabeth. For nearly a century, Her Majesty devoted her life to the service of the Commonwealth, following the British people through good days and bad, in times of happiness and sorrow. We also send our condolences to the British people.”

His Majesty King Harald
King Charles III will be proclaimed the nation’s new monarch at an Accession Council which will be convened at St James’s Palace in London tomorrow, Friday 9 September. Other details of ceremonies taking place in the next couple of weeks will be announced at the official website when it is up and going again. As of now we are – most understandably – only informed that «The official website of the Royal Family is temporarily unavailable while appropriate changes are made.»

Updated on Thursday 8 September 2022 at 23:58 (a couple of sentences added about the Queen's children and grandchildren travelling to Balmoral.), last time at Friday 8 April 2022 at 07.30 (corrected "Balmoral Palace" to Balmoral Palace" (a typical "think one thing and write something else" mistake ... Could have just written "Balmoral", though.) 

30 April 2022

Succession mess in the Royal House of Serbia

On Thursday 28 April 2022 it was revealed that Prince Peter of Serbia, eldest son of the head of the Royal House, Crown Prince Alexander, had renounced his rights to the Serbian throne the previous day.

The question about succession to the Serbian throne is of course only academic interest, as Serbia is a republic and unfortunately the chances of a monarchical restoration are very small. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formally abolished in 1945, and since the 1990s the country has been divided into several independent countries, among them Serbia. So it makes more sense to refer to the Crown Prince and the other members of the Royal House as «of Serbia» and not «of  Yugoslavia». The official website is headlined «The Royal Family of Serbia», by the way.

The information about the renunciation came in form of a message posted by a person named Astrid Beatriz in the Facebook group Royalty Digest Quarterly. The translated statement by Prince Peter said among others that «By the act of abdication, I renounce for myself and all my descendants who were born or will be born in a marital relationship or out of wedlock. I transfer all the rights based on the birthright to the next one born after the eldership, my brother  Kraljevic (prince) Filip, which is an automatic process with this abdication and our sovereign wills; I do not waive the rights arising from the right to inherit the name, member of the Royal House, the title of Prince and all other rights and obligations that law and tradition give and impose on a family member».

The renunciation document was signed in Seville in Spain, where Prince Peter lives and works, with among others his sister Princess Maria Da Gloria of Orleans and Braganza and Duchess of Segorbe, his brother and sister-in-law Prince Philip and Princess Danica as well as representatives of the Orthodox Church of Serbia, as witnesses. Prince Peter said in the statement that he had informed his father the Crown Prince about his decision.

Prince Peter has given no clear reasons for his decisions, but considering the fact that he lives and works in Seville and has shown little interest in role the royal house plays in Serbia, it makes sense that he leaves the future headship to his younger brother Prince Philip, who lives in Belgrade, has married a Serbian woman and who already has produced an heir, Prince Stefan. I was puzzled by the way the renuncation came, as his father was not present when the document was signed. And today we got the following statement from the Crown Prince's Office:

STATEMENT FROM THE ROYAL PALACE OF SERBIA REGARDING HEREDITARY PRINCE

Regarding the most current events in the Royal Family of Serbia’s line of succession, and the withdrawal of HRH Prince Peter from the position of Hereditary Prince, HRH Crown Prince Alexander, as the Head of the Royal Family, issued the following statement:

“Concerning the withdrawal of my oldest son Prince Peter from the line of succession, I wish him all the best for the future, good health, and happiness. I appreciate his honesty regarding the tough decision he made.

This issue was brought to me quickly, while I am abroad, due to previous obligations. Unfortunately, such a crucial and important procedure was not followed properly, in accordance with the tradition and rules of the Royal Family, and the Family Rulebook, which was written in the time of the Kingdom, and which all members of the Royal Family need to follow. This occurrence and procedure did not take place at the Royal Palace, in Serbia, with my presence and authority as the Head of the Royal Family, with the blessing of our Holy Church and with Crown Council participation in the process, but in a foreign country, without a good reason for performing such important matter away from our homeland.

The Royal Family of Serbia will continue to serve the people with dedication, honesty, and loyalty, which is the obligation and duty for us”, stated HRH Crown Prince Alexander. 

The texts of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Serbian Royal Family Book of Rules, 12 September 1909 and the Yugoslavian Royal Family Book of Rules, 5 April 1930 can be found in the important documents section of the official website. The documents used to be at my old website (I was the one who provided the English text of the Constitution to the Crown Prince, by the way), so I will try to get those pages back and running soon.

The documents are of course not legally binding anylonger, but it seems that most members of the Royal House has respected the regulations and the headship of King Peter and later Crown Prince Alexander since the monarchy was abolished in 1945. It is a bit sad that Prince Peter could not show his father more respect and get things sorted out «the right way». The Crown Prince has been subjected to a fait accompli, so some way or another he has to accept his son's decision. But now we have a situation where there is an unilateral and «unconstitutional» renunciation and as of now we don't know if Prince Peter would be willing to respect his father's wishes for a procedure in accordance with the family rules. I really hope the mess will be sorted out eventually.

Updated on Sunday 1 May 2022 at 02.10: One paragraph was edited, as it has come to my attention that no members of the Crown Council was present at the renunciation ceremony after all, cf. Marlene Koenig's updated blog article. She also writes that «Serbia media identified  Nikola Stanovic as the Crown Prince's Chief of Staff.  He is not Crown Prince Alexander's chief of staff. Ljubodrag Grujic, who served as the Crown Prince's Herald, and was present for the ceremony,  is no longer in that official position.»

30 September 2020

New Emir of Kuwait, Longest reigns page updated

HH Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was sworn in as the new Emir of Kuwait today, 30 September 2020, following the death of his half-brother, Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the day before. Sabah had reigned since 2006.

I have therefore updated my Longest reigns page tonight. I might update the page soon, as I expect that the new Crown Prince will be designated in a not too distant future. I am not too happy with the way some of the sources are listed on the website, so I might do a make-over at the same time.

11 January 2020

The Sultan of Oman has died, Longest reigns website updated

The late Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Sa’id bin Taimur al-Mu’azzam. Photo: Wikimedia Commons.

The Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Said bin Taimur al-Muazzam, died late on 10 January 2020, 79 years old, after having suffered from cancer for some time. Sultan Qaboos came to power in a bloodless coup in 1970 when his father was deposed with the assistance of the United Kingdom.

Qaboos was born at the Al-Husn Palace in Salalah on 18 November 1940 as the only son of Sultan Said bin Taimur al-Muazzam, by his second wife, Shaikha Miyzun bint Ahmad al-Qahtani al-Maashani. He was educated among others at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and briefly served in the British army before returning to Oman in 1966. He ruled as an absolute monarch, and he served as both head of state as well as prime minister, supreme commander of the armed forces, minister of defence, minister of finance and minister of foreign affairs. Under his nearly 50 year long reign the country was modernized and the living standards raised, with a lot of help of oil money. He was said to be a stabilizing force in region. In 1996 the Basic Statute of the State of Oman was promulgated.

The late sultan was briefly married from 1976 to 1979 to Sayyida Nawal bint Tariq Al-Said. As the marriage was childless, the question of succession was left to be decided by the Royal Family Council. Article 5 of the Basic Statute says that «The system of governance is Sultani [i.e. Royal], hereditary in the male descendants of Sayyid Turki bin Said bin Sultan, provided that whomever is to be chosen from amongst them as successor shall be a Muslim, mature, rational and the legitimate son of Omani Muslim parents.» The following article said that «The Royal Family Council shall, within three days of the throne falling vacant, determine the successor to the throne. If the Royal Family Council does not agree on a choice of a Sultan for the Country, the Defence Council together with the Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla Dawla [State Council], the Chairman of Majlis Al Shura Shura [Shura Council], and the Chairman of the Supreme Court along with two of his most senior deputies, shall instate the person designated by His Majesty the Sultan in his letter to the Royal Family Council».

Early on 11 January 2020 the Royal Family Council decided to open the sealed envelope in which Sultan Qaboos had left his choice, instead of entering proceedings to elect the successor in accordance with Article 6. The opening of the envelope was broadcast on Omani TV. Qaboos' designated heir was his first cousin Sayyid Haitham bin Tariq bin Taimur al-Muazzam, who has served as Minister of Heritage and Culture for 18 years. Soon after the election the new Sultan took the oath in accordance with the Basic Statute Article 7. Sultan Haitham, who is born in 1954 and has been educated at Oxford, said in a TV speech that he «pledged to continue his predecessor's policies of friendly relations with all nations while further developing the country». Sultan Haitham is married and has four children.

The funeral of Sultan Qaboos took place soon after the installation of the new Sultan. Qaboos was laid to rest at the Royal Cemetery  (Times of Oman says the cemetery is in Baushar, while The Oman Observer writes Ghala). The funeral was attended by Sultan Haitham, other members of the royal family as well as military leaders, members of the State Council and members of the Shura Council.

Due to the death of Sultan Qaboos, who at the time was no. 3 on the list of longest reigns among the current monarchs, my website has been updated. The new sultan has naturally been placed on the bottom, while Queen Margrethe II of Denmark has taken over the no. 3 spot.

(I note that while most sources use Al Said as the house name of the royal family of Oman, Royal Ark write al-Muazzam. In this blog article I have followed Royal Ark, but I might not be consistent about it in the future. I am indepted to Christopher Buyers' Royal Ark for information on the Omani royal family.)

Postscript 12 January 2020: Concerning the location of the royal cemetery, follow the link to the Google map. The royal cemetery seems to be in the Ghala village, but not far from Bawshar/Bawshar Heights. Another interesting aspect is of course the transcription of Arabic into the Latin alphabet. I have seen both Bausher and Baushar as well as Ghallah. For whatever it is worth, the English version of Wikipedia uses Ghallah and Bawshar.

Updated last time on 12 January 2020 at 13.40 (postscript added).

30 April 2019

New Emperor of Japan, Longest reigns (current monarchs) page updated

The Imperial Seal of Japan. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Emperor Akihito of Japan declared his abdication in a historic ceremony at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo at 5 p.m. local time on 30 April 2019.

I have not yet found a translation of the special abdication act which was passed on 8 June 2017 by the National Diet of Japan and which allowed Akihito to abdicate. But according to BBC News, «Akihito technically remained emperor until midnight (15:00 GMT on Tuesday)», which makes sense.

Crown Prince Naruhito ascended the throne from midnight 1 May 2019 local time and thus became the 126th Emperor of Japan. The Koreiden-Shinden-ni-Hokoku-no-gi, which is the «rite of reporting the accession to the throne» is sceduled to take place at the Imperial Sanctuaries (Koreiden and Shinden) later on 1 May 2019. A enthronement ceremony will follow in the fall of 2019.

As it is already 1 May 2019 in Japan, I decided to update my Longest reigns (current monarchs) page already this evening.

Links to websites and documents with relevant information:


10 July 2017

Longest reigns page updated

On 21 June 2017 the King of Saudi Arabia issued a decree relieving his nephew Prince Mohammed bin Naif bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, b. 1959, of his duties as among others Crown Prince and replaced him by his own son, Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, b. 1985.

I had of course meant to update the Longest reigns page much earlier, but other tasks had to come first. I have also corrected the information about the heir to the throne of Bhutan, as Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck replaced his uncle, Jigyel Ugyen Wangchuck, when he was born on 5 February 2016. I follow the news of the King of Bhutan and his family through his Facebook page, but still failed to act on the royal birth at the time. But better late than never, as they say.

Hopefully the Longest reigns page is in better shape now. Please tell, either here or by e-mail, if you find other mistakes. The biggest challenge tonight is that my CoffeeCup html editor doesn't work properly, as it refuses to give me previews of the changes I make. I hope I will not have to update my website too many times tonight ...